Showing posts with label Apple. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Apple. Show all posts

Friday, March 16, 2012

The New New: Apple Gadgets, Repurposed Smartphones, and the Best Cable Ever [Video]

The New New: Apple Gadgets, Repurposed Smartphones, and the Best Cable EverThe New New: Apple Gadgets, Repurposed Smartphones, and the Best Cable Ever This week on Ask Lifehacker we're talking about the new iPad and Apple TV, Google's rebranding, a creative new Android keyboard, and an awesome iPhone camera app. We'll also be showing off an incredible charging cable and answering questions from you.


You can watch the episode by clicking the play button above, but there are plenty of other ways to get it:


Here's what you'll get:

00:37 The News00:47 Google Play06:24 The New iPad15:49 Apple TV 320:32 iOS 5.1: Does It Actually Do Anything?22:57 Questions and Answers23:02 Question #1: What Can I Do with an Old Smartphone (Besides Sell It)?26:03 Question #2: How Can I Get a Summary of Lots of Information in the Morning?29:21 Question #3: Should I Lie on a Job Interview if I Have No Experience?31:10 Question #4: How Can I Copy Data from a Dying Laptop to a New Drive?34:34 Question #5: Should I Buy a DSLR Camera for Video or Stick with a Traditional Camcorder?39:15 Show and Tell: The Dexim Visible Green Charger41:34 Downloads of the Week41:44 OSX: Wake Up Light43:04 Android: Siine45:46 iOS: Camera Awesome

For more detail and links, read on!


This week we discussed Google's rebranding of the Android Marketplace and other media services to the new name Google Play. For the most part, nothing has changed but some Android devices might have some problems with the latest update.


This week's news was certainly dominated by Apple, however, with the release of the new iPad. It features the retina display most Apple fans have been waiting for, but there has been some controversy over the quad-core processor claims as the CPU is actually dual-core and only the graphics processor is quad-core. Apple also announced the third-generation Apple TV with 1080p and a more iOS-like interface. iOS was also updated to version 5.1, but with little information about what it actually does. The update brings a few minor features to general users and supposed fixes for iPhone 4S problems, but overall the update only really matters if you're in Japan and are looking forward to getting Siri on your iPhone 4S.


In an aside, we also discussed how you can add handy multitouch and button shortcuts to your jailbroken iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch using Activator. Here's our Activator how-to guide so you can start adding some of your own.


Each week we answer five questions from readers and listeners. Here's an overview of this week's problems and solutions:

What can I do with an old smartphone (besides sell it)? Turn it into a retro game arcade, use it as a music/media remote (iPhone / Android), keep it as a backup phone in case your phone breaks, load it up with media and keep it in your car, use it as a recipe book in the kitchen, try these iPhone repurposing options, or get some advice from your fellow readers.How can I get a summary of lots of information in the morning? Sounds like a good start page is in order. iGoogle is still a popular one for many people. You can put a lot of helpful information on your desktop using Rainmeter (Windows), GeekTool (OS X), or Conky (Linux). Whitson loves NetVibes. Pash thinks Flipboard, although not necessarily a single-page information hub, would actually work pretty well. Dachis wrote an Adobe AIR application to do this, but it's limited in its functionality.Should I lie on a job interview if I have no experience? No. Just pull from work experience you have that wasn't necessarily an official job. Some tips from this post may help.How can I copy data from a dying laptop to a new drive? Remove the drive, then get yourself a drive dock or SATA to USB cable like this one and copy the data over manually. You can use CloneZilla to do this, but if you're on a Mac you may prefer Carbon Copy Cloner.Should I buy a DSLR camera for video or stick with a traditional camcorder? If you've already got a traditional camcorder, mixing its video with video from a DSLR may look a little weird. It'll also cost you a bit more to record with the DSLR, because you'll need to get accessories (like this Beachtek audio adapter and a microphone). The video you'll get from the DSLR will look a lot better than a standard consumer camera, it'll operate better in lower light, and you'll have greater control over depth of field, but it's a bit more work and a bit more expensive. It's worth getting the DSLR if you're up for putting in the extra work. We use one for the podcast, but we'd be using a standard camcorder if the option were available. DSLRs are really a lot better for shorter clips and narratives. If you decide to go the DSLR route, however, be sure to read our guide on getting great video with you HDSLR.

To learn how to ask a question yourself, just scroll down to the bottom of the page for instructions.


Each week we talk about our favorite downloads. Here are our picks for this week:

Wake Up Light ($4) - An app for OS X that simulates a sunrise to wake you up in the morning so you can do so gradually. Just in case the light doesn't cut it, standard alarm features are included as a backup.Siine (Free) - A new type of keyboard for Android that aims to make typing easier by reducing certain words, phrases, and notations to one tap.Camera Awesome (Free) - A great camera app replacement for your iPhone. It adds several new composition and photo editing tools plus neat effects like vintage coloring and frames.

Occasionally we have a cool new gadget or tool to show off. This week it was the Dexim Green Visible Charger ($20-30). It's a device charger that comes in iPhone/iPod/iPad and standard USB varieties and provides two awesome features. First, it lights up to show you its currently charging and you see the lights move quickly, simulating a flow of electricity, during the charge. The flow slows down as the device's battery is almost finished and the lights shut off when charging is complete. Second, the charger only draws power from your power source (computer or the wall) when necessary. When your device is charged, it won't sip any energy it doesn't actually need.


There are three ways to send in your question:


Please keep your questions as brief as possible. This means about 3-5 sentences for emails and 30-60 seconds for calls and videos. Your questions can be specific, but broader questions are generally better because they'll apply to more people. For example, "how can I breathe new life into my old PDA?" is much better than "what can I do with an old HP iPAQ 210?" Either way, we look forward to hearing from you!

Monday, March 12, 2012

Apple reportedly cooking up new audio file format

Apple reportedly cooking up new audio file format | Apple - CNET News CNET News 

CNET News Apple Apple reportedly cooking up new audio file format  by Lance Whitney February 29, 2012 6:25 AM PST Follow @lancewhit The file format would adapt itself to high-quality or low-quality audio depending on the bandwidth and other conditions, says The Guardian.
(Credit:Apple)Apple may be tuning up a new streaming-audio format that handle varying degrees of quality.
Citing an anonymous source, U.K. news site The Guardian reported yesterday that the format would offer "adaptive streaming" to iCloud users, automatically choosing between low-quality and high-quality sound based on the bandwidth and amount of local storage.
Users with lots of bandwidth could listen to a studio-quality recording, while those with minimal bandwidth would get more standard digital quality.
The source reportedly told The Guardian that Apple has reached out to a music studio in London to create audio files to tap into the new format. If true, Apple may use the format for its iTunes Match service, which creates a copy of a user's iTunes library in the cloud, then accessible from any iOS device.
Using iTunes Match, your entire iTunes library could transform from the default AAC format to high-definition, instantly improving the quality of your music, according to the source.
Assuming the source's intel is accurate, the new format may be introduced on March 7 when Apple is expected to unveil the next iPad.
Related storiesNeil Young: Apple was working on super high-def musicHow to use iTunes Match to upgrade audio quality Does it still make sense to buy CDs?An Apple spokesman told CNET that he declined to comment on rumors and speculation.
This latest report follows recent comments from rock star Neil Young that he had spoken with the late Steve Jobs about improving the quality of digital music.
The project, which Young said never came to fruition, could have seen digital music pushed to studio-level quality. An earlier report from CNN suggested that Apple was already talking to record labels about a way to preserve the high-fidelity sound of studio recordings for digital downloads.
Many audiophiles have long complained about the loss of audio quality as music wends its way from the studio all the way down to portable media players. In his interview with AllThingsD, Young claims that Steve Jobs himself would go home and listen to music on plain, old analog vinyl records.
Updated 7:30 a.m. PTwith response from Apple.

Saturday, March 10, 2012

Exposing the Password Secrets of “Apple Safari”

Safari is one of the top 5 browsers known for its innovative look and feel reflected in every product of Apple!  It offers one of the best ways to browse online, greater support for HTML5, and other new features that make the web even better experience.


Like other browsers, Safari also comes with built-in ‘password manager’ feature for securely storing and managing the user's web login passwords.


This article is set to expose – in first ever public disclosure - password secrets of Safari including the stored password location, encryption algorithm and code for decryption of stored passwords!


Safari Password Storage Location


Safari features good password manager with better security model and encryption algorithms to keep it as much as secure as possible. Unlike other browsers such as Firefox, Chrome, you cannot see the stored passwords in Safari.


You can enable or disable the Safari password manager by toggling the option through "Settings -> AutoFill -> Usernames & Passwords" (as shown below). Once enabled Safari will prompt to save the password for every website login for the user. Upon confirmation, website URL along with username & password are saved to secret password file.


 


Safari stores all such web login passwords at a secret file named 'keychain.plist' at following location (based on platform).


[Windows XP]
C:\Documents and
Settings\\Application
Data\Apple Computer\Preferences
[Windows Vista & Windows 7]
C:\Users\\AppData\Roaming\
Apple Computer\Preferences


Safari stores the contents of 'keychain.plist' in 'Binary Property List' file format - variation of Property List [Reference 1] format used by Apple for storing binary data.


Here is how a typical 'keychain.plist'  file looks like,


 


Decoding the Safari 'Keychain' Secrets!


Looking at above 'keychain file' content, there is hardly anything you can make out. Only hint that you get here is the 'bplist' keyword at the beginning of file.


After long search hours on 'bplist' keyword, I finally figured out the way to decode its content to plain XML file. Apple provides the tool called 'plutil.exe' for playing with these 'Property List' files. You can find this console tool at following location,


[Windows x86]
C:\Program Files\Common
Files\Apple\Apple Application
Support
[Windows x64]
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common
Files\Apple\Apple Application
Support


Here is the command to covert cryptic 'keychain.plist' file to easily readable 'keychain.xml' file


plutil.exe -convert xml1 -s -o
c:\keychain.xml
"c:\users\administrator\appdata\roam
ing\apple
computer\preferences\keychain.plist"


This is how it will look like after decoding to XML file.



 


Internals of Safari Encryption Algorithm


The generated XML file (as shown above) contains encrypted password data along with website URL and user login information. This stored password data is encoded using BASE64 algorithm.


Note that original password data stored in 'keychain.plist' file is not encoded with BASE64. When we convert it to XML using Plutil tool, the encrypted password data is further encoded with BASE64 format.


Once you decode the password using BASE64 you will see original encrypted password data. Safari uses standard 'Windows Data Protection' mechanism (DPAPI) [Reference 2] to encrypt the password data with user isolation layer. Windows DPAPI provides functions like CryptProtectData/CryptUnprotectData for easy encryption/decryption of user oriented sensitive data such as passwords.


Safari uses CryptProtectData [Reference 3] along with static entropy (salt) to securely encrypt all website login passwords. Finally it is stored in the 'keychain.plist' file along with other user login information.


Decoding & Decryption of Safari Password


As mentioned in previous section, successful Safari password recovery will require following 2 steps:-
1. Base64 Decoding of password data from XML file
2. Windows DPAPI decryption of encrypted data


First you have to use standard Base64 decoder algorithm [Reference 5] to get original password data from encoded password bytes in XML file.


After that we have to perform decryption of this encrypted password data. In order to decrypt this encrypted password data we need to figure out salt data used in CryptUnprotectData.  Here is the salt data that I found during my reverse engineering work.


 


Entire salt generation algorithm and decryption functions are within the Apple shared library 'CFNetwork.dll' which is present at following location.


[Windows x86]
C:\Program Files\Common
Files\Apple\Apple Application
Support
[Windows x64]
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common
Files\Apple\Apple Application
Support


Here is the disassembly of CFNetwork.dll from IDA Pro Disassembler [Reference 6] showing the location of salt generation & decryption function.


Initially salt generation algorithm appeared to be dynamic but after few reversing session on different systems my doubts cleared and it was just static data. Salt data is of 144 byte size and ends with standard signature pattern as 'com.apple.Safari' as shown in the above screenshot.
Once you get hold of the salt data, the encrypted password can easily be decrypted using CryptUnprotectData function [Reference 4] as shown below:



BYTE salt[] = {
0x1D, 0xAC, 0xA8, 0xF8, 0xD3, 0xB8, 0x48, 0x3E, 0x48, 0x7D, 0x3E, 0x0A, 0x62, 0x07, 0xDD, 0x26,
0xE6, 0x67, 0x81, 0x03, 0xE7, 0xB2, 0x13, 0xA5, 0xB0, 0x79, 0xEE, 0x4F, 0x0F, 0x41, 0x15, 0xED,
0x7B, 0x14, 0x8C, 0xE5, 0x4B, 0x46, 0x0D, 0xC1, 0x8E, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xE7, 0x27, 0x75, 0x06, 0x8B,
0x49, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x0F, 0x30, 0xA0, 0x9E, 0xFD, 0x09, 0x85, 0xF1, 0xC8, 0xAA, 0x75, 0xC1, 0x08,
0x05, 0x79, 0x01, 0xE2, 0x97, 0xD8, 0xAF, 0x80, 0x38, 0x60, 0x0B, 0x71, 0x0E, 0x68, 0x53, 0x77,
0x2F, 0x0F, 0x61, 0xF6, 0x1D, 0x8E, 0x8F, 0x5C, 0xB2, 0x3D, 0x21, 0x74, 0x40, 0x4B, 0xB5, 0x06,
0x6E, 0xAB, 0x7A, 0xBD, 0x8B, 0xA9, 0x7E, 0x32, 0x8F, 0x6E, 0x06, 0x24, 0xD9, 0x29, 0xA4, 0xA5,
0xBE, 0x26, 0x23, 0xFD, 0xEE, 0xF1, 0x4C, 0x0F, 0x74, 0x5E, 0x58, 0xFB, 0x91, 0x74, 0xEF, 0x91,
0x63, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x2E, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x2E, 0x53, 0x61, 0x66, 0x61, 0x72, 0x69
};
DATA_BLOB DataIn;
DATA_BLOB DataOut;
DATA_BLOB OptionalEntropy;
DataIn.pbData = byteEncBuffer;     //encrypted password data
DataIn.cbData = dwEncBufferSize;   //encrypted password data size


OptionalEntropy.pbData = (unsigned char*)&salt;
OptionalEntropy.cbData = 144;
if( CryptUnprotectData(&DataIn, 0, &OptionalEntropy, NULL, NULL,0, &DataOut) == FALSE ) {   
printf("CryptUnprotectData failed = 0x%.8x", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
//Decrypted data is in following format => Password Length [4 bytes] + Pass Data []
BYTE  *byteData = (BYTE *) DataOut.pbData;
DWORD dwPassLen = byteData[0];
memcpy(strPassword, &byteData[4], dwPassLen);
strPassword[dwPassLen] = 0;
printf("Decrypted Password %d - %s",  dwPassLen, strPassword);


Above program initializes the salt data and then passes it to CryptUnprotectData along with decoded password data to finally get the decrypted data. First 4 bytes of this decrypted data contains length of the password and then follows the password in clear text!


That is all it takes to successfully decrypt the Password from Safari Store!


Recovering Safari Passwords using SafariPasswordDecryptor


 


SafariPasswordDecryptor [Reference 7] is the FREE software to automatically recover website login passwords stored by Safari web browser. It helps in instantly decoding and decrypting all the stored website login passwords from Safari Keychain file.


It presents both GUI as well as command line interface, the later is more helpful for Penetration testers in their work. Apart from normal users who can use it to recover their lost password, it can come in handy for Forensic folks in their investigation.


SafariPasswordDecryptor works on most of the Windows platforms starting from Windows XP to latest operating system, Windows 7.


References
1. Apple's 'Property List' File format
2. Windows Data Protection  Technology – DPAPI
3. CryptProtectData Function
4. CryptUnprotectData Function
5. Base64 Decoder Algorithm – C/C++ Program
6. IDA Pro – Most Popular Disassembler on the Planet
7. SafariPasswordDecryptor - Apple Safari Password Recovery Software

Friday, March 9, 2012

Apple Now Selling Low Bitrate, High Quality "Mastered for iTunes" Tracks [Music]

Apple Now Selling Low Bitrate, High Quality "Mastered for iTunes" TracksApple just launched a new section of the iTunes Store called "Mastered for iTunes", which includes tracks specifically mastered to sound good at low bitrates—no matter what kind of audio equipment you're using.

We've talked about bitrate before, and it's pretty simple: the lower the bitrate, the more compressed and low-quality your music becomes. However, since it saves space, most online music stores, like iTunes, sell music in low-bitrate formats so they're quick to download and fit on your mobile devices. The problem is, many tracks these days are mastered for low-end audio equipment, like your iPod earbuds with things like bass boost added to make them sound less "thin". As a result, they sound bad when you try to play them on good speakers or headphones.

Mastered for iTunes tracks are AAC, as usual, but are mastered with a specific set of guidelines in mind, designed to sound good on any type of audio equipment. Essentially, they're mastering the tracks so that when you downconvert them to AAC, you lose the least amount of data possible. They aren't lossless, but they're designed to be a better compromise between space efficiency and audio quality. Ars Technica has a great writeup on the ins and outs of the process, and Tested does a good job of summing it up in a more concise, easy-to-understand way, for those of you interested in the process.

For the rest of you, you can check out these new Mastered for iTunes tracks in the iTunes Store right now. Right now there are about 100 albums available, from popular artists like U2, Nirvana, Metallica, Coldplay, and more, with others to be added soon. They look like they're the same price as non-Mastered for iTunes albums too, which is great. Head to the iTunes store to check it out—you should see it right on the front page.

Mastered for iTunes: how audio engineers tweak music for the iPod age | Ars Technica

Related Stories

View the original article here

Tuesday, February 28, 2012

ABC peeks into Apple factory's working conditions

ABC peeks into Apple factory's working conditions | Apple - CNET News CNET News @import "http://i.i.com.com/cnwk.1d/Ads/common/css/SponsoredTextLink/sponsoredTextLink.live.css"; Manage Packages With UPS My Choice Home Reviews Cell Phones Camcorders Digital Cameras Laptops TVs Car Tech Forums Appliances Cell Phone Accessories Components Desktops E-book Readers Games and Gear GPS Hard Drives & Storage Headphones Home Audio Home Video Internet Access Monitors MP3 Players Networking and Wi-Fi Peripherals Printers Software Tablets Web Hosting You are here: News Latest News Mobile Startups Cutting Edge Media Security Business Tech Health Tech Crave Apple Microsoft Politics & Law Gaming & Culture Blogs Video Photos RSS Download Windows Software Mac Software Mobile Apps Web Apps The Download Blog CNET TV How To Computers Home Theater Smartphones Tablets Web Marketplace Log In | Join Log In Join CNET Sign in with My profile Log out .mad_center {text-align:center;} .mad_center div, .mad_center table, .mad_center iframe, .mad_center a img {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;}Click Here
CNET News Apple ABC peeks into Apple factory's working conditions Roger Cheng by Roger Cheng February 20, 2012 6:51 AM PST Follow @RogerWCheng

Nightline is touting an exclusive look inside Foxconn's facilities amid public pressure on Apple to improve the working conditions in its supply chain.

A worker at an Apple supplier facility in Chengdu, China.A worker at an Apple supplier facility in Chengdu, China.

(Credit:Apple)

ABC is touting an inside look at the working conditions in Foxconn, a key vendor for Apple and other major technology companies.

The report airs Tuesday night on the network's Nightline news program, with a preview already up on its site.

Apple has faced increasing criticism from advocate groups, which are calling for the construction of a more ethical iPhone and an improvement in the conditions at the suppliers that the company works with. Groups have already delivered hundreds of thousands of petitions to Apple stores around the world.

Related storiesApple supplier Foxconn says it will raise salariesAhead of report FLA chief says Foxconn has 'tons of issues'Cook: Apple's improved working conditions more than anyoneApple catches flak in China supply chain sagaCNET Review: Apple iPhone 4S

The criticism was largely sparked by a series of articles from the New York Times, both analyzing why workers in China are mainly doing the work of building Apple products and detailing the conditions in those factories.

Since then, Apple has worked overtime to get public sentiment back on its side. Apple CEO Tim Cook said at a Goldman Sachs conference last week that the company does more in the industry to help the workers at its vendor partners. The company has joined the Fair Labor Association and is seeking a more rigorous audit of its suppliers.

ABC's preview breaks little ground, hitting upon the same themes of overworked employees who complain of long hours, little overtime, and poor living conditions. But it does yield some fascinating insight through interviews with workers. Despite the tough conditions, demand for jobs at the factory remain high. The preview also addresses the spate of suicides that Foxconn had to deal with in 2010, as well as last year's explosion that killed a few workers and left many injured.

The report marks an unprecedented amount of transparency from Foxconn, which has been known to be secretive and aggressive in shutting the media from its facilities. A Foxconn executive admitted to ABC that it would not have considered opening its doors if it were not for the public pressure Apple--a massive customer--was facing in the U.S.

While Apple has taken the brunt of the heat, many technology companies, from Hewlett-Packard to Sony, use the facilities to construct everything from laptops to video-game consoles. Advocate groups argue that Apple should use its leadership role in technology to push for change with its suppliers.

The Nightline report airs at 11:35 p.m. ET/PT.

Sunday, February 26, 2012

Apple supplier Foxconn says it will raise salaries

Apple supplier Foxconn says it will raise salaries | Apple - CNET News CNET News @import "http://i.i.com.com/cnwk.1d/Ads/common/css/SponsoredTextLink/sponsoredTextLink.live.css"; Manage Packages With UPS My Choice Home Reviews Cell Phones Camcorders Digital Cameras Laptops TVs Car Tech Forums Appliances Cell Phone Accessories Components Desktops E-book Readers Games and Gear GPS Hard Drives & Storage Headphones Home Audio Home Video Internet Access Monitors MP3 Players Networking and Wi-Fi Peripherals Printers Software Tablets Web Hosting You are here: News Latest News Mobile Startups Cutting Edge Media Security Business Tech Health Tech Crave Apple Microsoft Politics & Law Gaming & Culture Blogs Video Photos RSS Download Windows Software Mac Software Mobile Apps Web Apps The Download Blog CNET TV How To Computers Home Theater Smartphones Tablets Web Marketplace Log In | Join Log In Join CNET Sign in with My profile Log out .mad_center {text-align:center;} .mad_center div, .mad_center table, .mad_center iframe, .mad_center a img {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;}Click Here
CNET News Apple Apple supplier Foxconn says it will raise salaries Edward Moyer by Edward Moyer February 19, 2012 12:18 PM PST Follow @edatnews

The now infamous maker of parts for theiPad and theiPhone says it will increase worker salaries at factories in China, according to a report.

Suicide nets at a Foxconn facility.

(Credit:CBS video; screenshot by Edward Moyer/CNET)

Infamous Apple supplier Foxconn said this weekend that it would increase worker salaries at its Chinese factories by 16 percent to 25 percent--bringing them to about $400 a month.

The New York Times reported the news, adding that Foxconn said the increases would happen immediately and that overtime hours would be curbed at the factories as well.

Foxconn's announcement comes as its facilities are being investigated at the behest of Apple, a major Foxconn client. Foxconn produces components for the iPad and the iPhone.

Apple is feeling the heat from human rights advocates and others after the Times published a series of exposés on the company and its supply chain, including Foxconn. It wasn't the first time Foxconn's practices had been called into question, but the high-profile paper's detailed reports helped push the issue into mainstream consciousness, sparking widespread editorials, calls for boycotts of Apple, petitions, and demonstrations at Apple stores.

Related storiesAhead of report, FLA chief says Foxconn has 'tons of issues'Apple catches flak in China supply chain sagaApple-Foxconn relationship probed by 'Sunday Morning' (video)

In response, Apple CEO Tim Cook issued a statement saying that any suggestion that Apple doesn't care about worker welfare is "false and offensive." Apple has also asked the Fair Labor Association, an organization that says it's "dedicated to ending sweatshop conditions in factories worldwide," to investigate Foxconn facilities in Shenzhen and Chengdu, China. The FLA's report isn't due till next month, but the group's chief executive said this week that the FLA had already found "tons of issues" with Foxconn.

Foxconn doesn't exactly beg to be given the benefit of the doubt. Part of the company's reaction to a series of worker suicides was to install suicide nets--nets Apple critic and performance artist Mike Daisey said looked a lot like "the nets you would put out to catch fish." (The company raised salaries then as well, and hired more counselors.) Foxconn CEO Terry Gou also made a misstep when he sought management advice from the director of the Taipei Zoo and compared his workforce to animals, adding that "to manage 1 million animals gives me a headache."

The Times said Foxconn could not be reached for additional comment on the salary increases.